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San José Scale
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Mature and immature San José scale on apple |
Apple infested with San José scale |
Life Cycle: Overwinter on host as immature scales (black caps). First generation nymphs (crawlers) appear in June; second generation crawlers appear August-September that develop into overwintering scales. Two generations per year.
Monitoring: Examine trees during dormant period, fruit at harvest, for scales. Apply double-sided sticky tape around one limb of a tree to monitor for crawlers (smooth bark to improve adhesion). Pheromone is available to monitor for adult males.
Hosts: Fruit trees, ornamental trees and shrubs.
Comments: San José scale (SJS) can be distinguished from European fruit scale (EFS) as follows: the tip or nipple of the scale of SJS is central with grooves around it while the tip of EFS is off-center without grooves. The crawlers of both scales are yellow to orange in colour, flattened and slow-moving. They resemble apple mealybug crawlers but the latter have red eyes. The presence of antennae distinguish scale crawlers from predaceous mites.
Body length: Adult - 1.7mm
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